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A proxy, also called a proxy server. It is program that acts as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without the proxy, a user could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would deliver the resource directly back for the client. While this is a simple method to grasp and implement however, adding proxy servers can bring advantages including improved performance and privacy, security and a host of other benefits. In addition to providing passing through, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware and installed proxy software is often called proxy servers. This article will discuss proxy servers that are typically considered to be software, and in the context of web servers. We will discuss of the two major types of proxies, one being one that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and can be confusing due to the resemblance of namesake convention.

This article will provide you with an idea of the different subtypes and proxies and their value for common setups. If you've read in this post, you'll understand the situations when the use of proxies is advantageous and choose the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known by the name of an open proxy acts as the representative of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an the server that made it. In this case, all attempts to make requests through the client's side will be directed through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, instead of the client will look into the request. It will first determine if this client is allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or send it to the origin server. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly and can only access what the forward proxy allows it to access.

The most popular reason to utilize forward proxies is increased privacy or anonymity when surfing the web. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and as such, it could make use of an IP address that is different from the IP address of the client.

Based on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can give you a range of options and the capability to:

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  Beware of Ad-trackers.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like at work. When all internet traffic flows through a forward proxy and administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients to access the internet through a single firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer, which can involve many machines that have different settings and environment the firewall is installed in an forward proxy layer.

It is crucial to keep in mind the forward proxy configurations must be manually setup to allow the forward proxy to function in order to use them, while reverse proxy servers are unable to be detected by the user. Based on whether or not an IP address belonging to a user is passed on to the server that originated it via the forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.

There are many alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy options:

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  Apache A well-known open source web server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another renowned open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server system. We recommend our article on the best method of configuring Squid proxy to handle connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suited to cases like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy serves as an intermediary between web servers and is able to handle requests from customers on behalf of. The web server may serve as a single server or as a series of servers. It could also be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any event, an application request comes by a user on the internet. Typically, the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the content that the client is looking for. A reverse proxy serves as a middleman to protect your web server from contact via the web's public.

From the perspective of a user's the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy doesn't differ from communicating with your webserver directly. It's basically identical, but the user isn't able to tell the difference. Client requests an item and is given it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  The server for the web is secure centrally.
  
  
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  The sending of traffic according to rules you set.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this function only for only the server layer but not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers which may include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with a firewall and interacting with requests from clients off web servers allows them to concentrate on serving the resources.

If there are multiple servers with a reverse-proxy in place, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding what requests are routed to the server. There could be multiple web servers running on the same server, each serving various kinds of resources, or a combination of both. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They could also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy settings to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the service requested or to follow certain guidelines regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their position over web servers through the capability of caching. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules to avoid getting into web servers for every request, with some solutions even allowing you to provide static files without having to connect directly to the website server. In addition, the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy service. However, the Apache web server is also available equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional feature that is available for Apache whereas Nginx was initially designed for and is specifically focused on the reverse proxy function.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases

Since "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality as well as misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These terms can be confusing since both types of proxy servers are able to handle requests as well as responses. A different method of distinguishing between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to analyze the needs of the application you are developing.

Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you're designing a solution to host websites on the internet. They represent your web servers when you interact with the Internet.

A forward proxy is useful to use when you are in front clients for personal usage or in a business environment. They are a representation of your traffic when you interact with the internet.

A distinction based on usage rather than focusing on the common naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article described what a proxy is along with two types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use and a discussion of the most useful features were used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse. If you're interested in learning how to implement proxies we suggest that you read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server using Apache running the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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